The physics behind working of μPADs is that hydrophobic boundary acts as a barrier for sample dissipation pathway in hydrophilic zones. Each μPADs are fabricated with different detection zones that are coated with the respective organic receptors for detecting the biomarker specific to a disease. The solutions travel by passive capillary action through a patterned path of filter papers to the zone of detection for simultaneous multiple analyses. When the analyte comes in contact with an organic receptor at the detection zone there will be a rapid color change, which makes it a versatile device. This color change is noticeable by naked eye and can be easily captured by electronic devices such as high resolution camera or photo-sensors. The fabrication of lab-on-a-chip devices involves a tedious process compared to μPADs fabrication where low cost and simple filter paper been used.

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